Introduction
The programme “Reviewing and Analyzing International Tax Systems in Global Companies” develops professional practice in Accounting. It connects the subject with workplace challenges by examining existing evidence and practices and choosing methods appropriate to the organization and its available resources.
The learning progresses from tax obligation, audit, and documentation management to financial statement and report analysis, with practical work on risk-based auditing and evidence gathering, legal analysis, research, and memorandum drafting, the accounting cycle, closing, and record quality. Participants prepare outputs to support workplace application and review the quality and results of implementation.
Learning objectives
- Build a tax compliance file defining obligations, deadlines, documents, and matters requiring verification in an application related to “Reviewing and Analyzing International Tax Systems in Global Companies”.
- Design an audit engagement connecting risks, objectives, tests, and evidence.
- Analyze a legal issue and write a memorandum distinguishing facts, rules, and alternatives.
- Process an accounting cycle and prepare adjustments supported by traceable documents.
- Interpret performance, financial position, and cash flows using documented analysis with clear limitations.
Learning areas
1. Tax Obligation, Audit, and Documentation Management
- Identify the country, activity, taxpayer type, transaction, and period, then identify relevant laws and instructions currently in force rather than assuming a fixed tax or rate.
- Link transactions to records, invoices, and supporting documents, checking completeness, timing, and correct accounting and tax classification.
- Prepare a training reconciliation between accounting profit and the taxable base, or between amounts payable and recoverable, according to the relevant tax type.
- Organize deadlines, authorities, and reviews for returns, payments, and responses to audit requests, documenting disputed matters.
- Prepare a tax audit file and a memo on treatment alternatives and evidence gaps, referring the final opinion to a specialist under applicable local law. The application examines a case related to “Reviewing and Analyzing International Tax Systems in Global Companies”.
2. Risk-Based Auditing and Evidence Gathering
- Define the engagement subject, objectives, scope, and assessment criteria, and develop an initial understanding of the process and its main risks.
- Assess control design and suitability for the objectives, and select tests and samples proportionate to risk levels and available data.
- Collect sufficient, appropriate evidence, document sources and verification procedures, and maintain independence, objectivity, and information confidentiality.
- Write a finding connecting the criterion, condition, cause, and effect, and discuss the response and agreed action with the relevant party.
- Prepare a clear report and action follow-up plan, applying current professional requirements relevant to the audit type and work environment.
3. Legal Analysis, Research, and Memorandum Drafting
- Define the legal question, facts, documents, and parties, separating established facts from accounts and untested assumptions.
- Identify the relevant legal system, jurisdiction, and sources, and verify the law currently in force, its effective date, and amendments before applying it.
- Analyze the relationship between the rule and facts and areas of interpretation and disagreement, documenting arguments and evidence supporting each alternative.
- Draft a memorandum covering the issue, facts, analysis, options, and risks in clear language that preserves precise legal terminology.
- Review the memorandum for consistency, confidentiality, and citation accuracy, and identify matters requiring specialist advice or additional documents.
4. The Accounting Cycle, Closing, and Record Quality
- Trace a transaction from source document to journal entry, general ledger, and trial balance, identifying control points and approval responsibilities.
- Analyze transactions and classify accounts by their nature, checking completeness, cutoff, and correct accounting treatment.
- Prepare accounting adjustments and supporting reconciliations, documenting differences, their causes, and the parties responsible for resolving them.
- Review recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure requirements under the applicable accounting framework without assuming uniform requirements across countries.
- Organize the closing file with supporting documents, a timetable, and approval reviews, and prepare a register of matters requiring professional judgment.
5. Financial Statement and Report Analysis
- Read the relationships between the statements of financial position, performance, and cash flows and the notes, identifying the effects of accounting policies and estimates.
- Perform horizontal and vertical analysis and compare profitability, liquidity, efficiency, and leverage indicators, considering the nature and size of the business.
- Examine earnings quality, cash flows, and nonrecurring items, and identify differences between accounting results and actual liquidity.
- Test the sensitivity of results to changes in sales, costs, collections, and financing, stating the assumptions and constraints in each scenario.
- Write a financial report linking indicators to management's question and available alternatives, presenting risks and additional data needed for the decision.
Practical outputs
- A tax obligations calendar, documentation and reconciliation file, and review checklist.
- An audit engagement program, working papers, and an actionable finding.
- A legal research memorandum, source list, and issues requiring verification.
- An accounting closing file, adjustments, and a record quality checklist.
- A comparative financial analysis report and a memo of findings and assumptions.
Who should attend
- Practitioners, specialists and supervisors whose work relates to the programme subject.
- Managers and teams working in accounting, according to their practical responsibilities.
- Professionals responsible for applying the outputs of “Reviewing and Analyzing International Tax Systems in Global Companies” within their organizations.
Prerequisites
- Working familiarity with the programme field and the ability to discuss a professional case or challenge.
- Confirm the suitability of your experience and any specialist prerequisites with the Union before participation.
Conclusion
The programme “Reviewing and Analyzing International Tax Systems in Global Companies” brings together concepts, case review and a practical application. Participants prepare steps that can be adapted to their responsibilities and organizational resources, with an indicator to follow application and review results after returning to work.
Participation arrangements and any special requests are specified in the confirmation issued by the Union.